Identify the level of measurement of both the independent and dependent variables. Provide a brief rationale for your classification of each variable.

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In this Discussion, you identify independent and dependent variables in your research problem, which you identified in the Week 2 Discussion. You classify these variables into their appropriate levels of measurement and determine suitable ways of analyzing the data generated by each variable.

To prepare:

Review the materials presented in Chapter 1 of the Polit textbook.

Consider Dr. Pothoff’s comments in this week’s media presentation on data analysis.

Recall your research problem statement developed for the Week 2 Discussion. Based on your problem statement, develop a research question to address the problem.

Ask yourself:

Do the research question involve a comparison of groups or the relationship of variables?

How many independent variables do I have? Dependent variables? What are they?

Is the independent variable categorical or continuous?

Is the dependent variable categorical or continuous?

What might be the advantages, or disadvantages, of each variable’s level of measurement?
Post by Day 4 a cohesive summary of the following:

Post your research question. Describe the independent and dependent variables.

Identify the level of measurement of both the independent and dependent variables. Provide a brief rationale for your classification of each variable.

Discuss considerations of analyzing data related to each variable based on its level of measurement. Identify any advantages or challenges you might encounter in your statistical analysis of each variable.

Readings

Course Text: The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence
Chapter 21, “Introduction to Statistical Analysis”

This chapter discusses the concepts of statistical analysis with regard to hypothesis testing. The chapter also identifies and defines common statistical terminology.
Course Text: Polit, D. (2010). Statistics and data analysis for nursing research (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education Inc.
Chapter 1, “Introduction to Data Analysis in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment”

This chapter provides an introduction to quantitative and qualitative data in evidence-based practice. The chapter introduces levels of measurement and types of statistical analyses relevant to different types of research studies.
Chapter 2, “Frequency Distributions: Tabulating and Displaying Data”

Chapter 2 discusses frequency distributions as well as the different methods of presenting data, especially when data are very extensive. The chapter includes information on the use of bar charts, pie charts, histograms, and frequency polygons.
Chapter 3, “Central Tendency, Variability, and Relative Standing”

This chapter examines the many ways data distribution for a quantitative variable can be described through shape, central tendency, and variability.
Software

IBM SPSS Statistics Standard GradPack (current version). Available in Windows and Macintosh versions. Please refer to the IBM SPSS Software area on the left navigation bar for more information on how to install, register, and license this software
Optional Resources

Article: Bilheimer, L. T., & Klein, R. J. (2010). Data and measurement issues in the analysis of health disparities. Health Services Research, 45(5), 1489–1507. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01143.x
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Article: Granberg-Rademacker, J. S. (2010). An algorithm for converting ordinal scale measurement data to interval/ratio scale. Educational & Psychological Measurement, 70(1), 74-90.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Website: Statistics Help for Students. (2008). Retrieved from http://statistics-help-for-students.com/

This site provides step-by-step procedures and screenshots for working with SPSS.
Tutorial: Walden University. (n.d.). Descriptive statistics. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_descriptive_stats.htm

Identify the key lines of authority and responsibility for achieving the overall organisational goals within the suggested structure (you may wish to compare this with the key lines of authority and responsibility in the previous functional structure).

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Essay instructions:

After reading the case study above and using the course materials and essential readings, develop a short, critical essay style discussion paper.
Within the essay, ensure that the following four (4) key points below are part of the discussion.
1. The advantages and limitations of the existing hospital organisational structure for the current health care environment and changing health needs of the population.
2. Suggest an alternative organisational structure that might be suitable for the new health service; describe the features of such a structure and identify how that structure might better facilitate the achievement of the new mission and strategic goals of the organisation.
3. Identify the key lines of authority and responsibility for achieving the overall organisational goals within the suggested structure (you may wish to compare this with the key lines of authority and responsibility in the previous functional structure).
4. Critically analyse the advantages and limitations of the suggested type of structure in relation to the changing health care environment and what the organisation wishes to achieve for patients, carers and the community.

This assignment requires you to read andcritically analysethe material from Module 1 of the Unit Learning Modules and the Study Guide in order to understand organisations from the point of view of their purpose and what they aim to achieve (the vision, mission and strategic goals); how organisational structures provide lines of authority and responsibility for achieving the mission and goals and the advantages and limitations of the various organisational structures commonly used in health care.
The analysis should critically examine the type of organisational structure that would be suitable for an organisation undergoing the described change and redevelopment and comment on the usefulness of that type of structure in helping the organisation to achieve the stated mission, strategy and goals.

In writing this critical discussion paper, it is important to:
• read and interpret the information provided in the course materials; to question and evaluate that information; relate the theory to what happens in practice;
• identify problems and possible solutions, develop an argument (or series of arguments) and support your suggestions and arguments with evidence from the literature and examples from the field.

The two primary aims of this type of critical reading, thinking and writing are to
• analyse and evaluate the work of other people and
• develop your own arguments (supported by evidence, specifically appropriate references).

Developing a critical approach to thinking allows you to assess information and to develop an informed opinion which can be supported by reliable evidence. It also enables you to interpret others opinions and have the ability to discuss issues in an informed and open manner. Critical thinking means thinking carefully, questioning and testing what you hear and read, and being prepared to examine and, if necessary, change your beliefs and ideas.

The marking sheet
These are on pages 21-22 and provide the criteria and standards against which your assignment will be marked.

Ensure that you cover all points on the marking sheet and that your critical discussion paper is structured to include an introduction, a number of paragraphs covering the key points of the assignment and a conclusion.

Please remember to:
• write in clear, concise English,
• avoid long lists or dot points and lengthy quotes and
• use examples from the case study to demonstrate your understanding of the ideas and concepts from the literature.

You may wish to use headings to structure your assignment. Remember, all ideas and concepts drawn from textbooks, the literature or websites must be correctly acknowledged and referenced.

Do you think the federal government should increase spending on Social Security and Medicare for the elderly? If not, should the elderly fund retirement and medical costs?

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One conservative argument against Medicare andSocial Securitystates that calling these programs “entitlement programs” is a misnomer and that they are actually the biggest income redistribution programs from the rich to the poor in the United States. Other conservatives state that stronger entitlement programs are nothing more than schemes for younger taxpayers to fund retirees. Proponents argue that Social Security benefits matter in the overall federal deficit reduction, and still others support privatization as the key to stabilizing the troubled system.

In a four- to five-page paper, address the following federal and state issues with entitlement programs:

  1. Are Social Security taxes a good investment?
  2. Evaluate the current funding process for Social Security and Medicare.
  3. In looking through the National budget entitlement programs such as Medicare and Medicaid represent the biggest threat to the U.S. budget deficit. What reforms do you suggest to help avoid an unsustainable increase to the debt?
  4. Do you think the federal government should increase spending on Social Security and Medicare for the elderly? If not, should the elderly fund retirement and medical costs?
  5. Do you believe government efforts to manage Social Security and Medicaid has made things worse or better? Provide research support for your position (in the summary of the paper).
  6. Discuss your recommendations to deal with the rising costs of Social Security and Medicare as well as the Welfare Reform Act of 1996.

Assignment Resources:

  • https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v66n1/v66n1p1.html to gain some background and history on the Social Security Program
  • http://www.faqs.org/childhood/Th-W/Welfare-Reform-Act-1996.html
  • http://www.welfareinfo.org/reform/
  • https://www.ssa.gov/history/tally1996.html

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Include an Abstract and Conclusion in the four- to five-page count. Your cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
  • Be typed, double-spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Analyze the basic skills and tools needed for budgeting for public sector agencies and / or departments.
  • Recommend appropriate policy actions based on the evaluation.
  • Evaluate a budgeting system at any governmental level.
  • Analyze the scope and sequence of budgeting in terms of sources of revenues, purpose of government expenditures, budget cycles, budget preparation, and debt administration.
  • Examine the process and components of preparing a viable operating budget.
  • Analyze the elements and principles of revenue estimating, forecasting, and adjusting budgets.
  • Analyze the steps required for budgeting, such as preparing a budget, making a financial plan, conducting a cost-benefit analysis, and making budget decisions.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in public budgeting and finance.
  • Write clearly and concisely about public budgeting and finance using proper writing mechanics.

Compare and contrast the two theories you have selected. Create a chart to provide your summary of the differences. •Examine which theory best explains aggression. •Support your statements with scholarly references and appropriate examples

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Assignment 3: Theoretical Explanations of Violence

Are human beings born violent or are they born free from violent tendencies? These questions have been the topic of debate among behavioral and social scientists for decades. In an effort to answer these questions, multiple theories on the origins of aggression have been developed.

Review the following theories and select two for this assignment: •Excitation Transfer Theory •Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Viewpoint •Ethological Viewpoint •Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis •Displaced Aggression Theory

Using the Argosy University online library resources, the readings for this module, and the Internet, research your selected theories.

Respond to the following: •Compare and contrast the two theories you have selected. Create a chart to provide your summary of the differences. •Examine which theory best explains aggression. •Support your statements with scholarly references and appropriate examples.Compare and contrast the two theories you have selected. Create a chart to provide your summary of the differences. •Examine which theory best explains aggression. •Support your statements with scholarly references and appropriate examples

Write a 3–4-page paper in Word format and include your chart that summarizes the differences between the two selected theories. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Be sure to include a tile page and reference page in APA format.

How can you find out the current status of this issue? Is there a website (professional organization such as the American Nurses Association or local, state, or federal government) that provides status updates or alerts?

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Provide an

introduction to your policy-priority issue which is “ Childhood Obesity ”
Focus on Childhood Obesity in Miami Dade County,Florida

II-Articulate key points using the headings in your paper.
The key points are:
1. What is the specific problem, including background, surrounding this issue? Is there a need for a new law or campaign related to this issue? Is there a need for

change to an existing law? Is there need for a change in regulatory issues? What specific supportive evidence do you have for this issue, including evidence and

references? You will need to include this in your message/ask/recommendation(s).

2.Review thoughts regarding your chosen policy issue. It is important to analyze your issue thoroughly. Be sure you address the following with evidence and research:
• Context
• Goals/options
• Evaluation of options
• Recommended solutions

3.How can you find out the current status of this issue? Is there a website (professional organization such as the American Nurses Association or local, state, or

federal government) that provides status updates or alerts? Please describe.

4.What level(s) of government does your issue involve (local, state, federal)? What level of government is your immediate target? Please describe.

III-Provide a critique of empirical evidence that supports your chosen policy issue and analysis.

IV-Demonstrate the importance and impact of the chosen policy issue to nursing.

V-Provide concluding statements summarizing the content.
The paper will be a minimum of 5 pages and a maximum of five pages in length , in APA format 6th edition, excluding the title and reference page- a minimum of five (5)

classic or current references published within the past 5 years.

PLACE THIS ORDER OR A SIMILAR ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET AN AMAZING DISCOUNT ?

prepare an outline of your answer, using the parts and sub-questions to create headings and sub-headings in the outline. List the major points of your answer to each part or sub-question along with notes on the sources you wish to cite from your course materials and relevant parts of the case.

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• It is helpful to prepare an outline of your answer, using the parts and sub-questions to create headings and sub-headings in the outline. List the major points of your answer to each part or sub-question along with notes on the sources you wish to cite from your course materials and relevant parts of the case. This outline can keep you on track when you begin writing your answer so that key points are not missed and minor points do not derail your thought process. Noting your sources helps you check that you have the correct facts and figures from the case, that you are drawing on the relevant concepts and theories from your course materials, and that you have referenced your sources properly.
• Use the précis style when writing your answers:
 Keep introductions and conclusions short.
 Clearly state any assumptions.
 Make each paragraph one complete unit of thought. The first sentence of each paragraph should state what it is about. Break up long paragraphs.
 Avoid copying long passages into your essay. Incorporate them by reference.
 Use the active voice (good resources are Strunk’s The Elements of Style [4th ed.] referred to in your MBAO Study Guide or your Prentice Hall Reference Guide for Canadian Writers).
 Use grammar and spell checkers as necessary. Review and edit your work as needed.
• Check your citations for correct APA format and prepare a Reference list (for only those sources you actually cited, a bibliography is not needed).
Ways to Increase Your Mark
• Each question must be awarded a 70% grade to be considered a pass. Students are allowed only one sub-70% mark to successfully pass the exam. It is acceptable to submit only five answers. Any answer not submitted will be treated as a fail.
• Based on marker feedback, papers receiving lower marks typically have the following problems:
 Do not display a logical thought process that proceeds from statement of the issue to presentation and analysis of relevant data and then to a firm conclusion.
 Fail to differentiate between highly important and less important issues. As a result, too many objectives are addressed. Read the question carefully to understand what is being asked.
 Indicate that students have difficulty reading or following instructions – for example, adhering to word limits or using appropriate font and font size.

Is the patient’s condition neurological, musculoskeletal, or both? Explain why and support your thoughts with evidence-based literature. What would be a possible neurologic or musculoskeletal condition causing the symptoms?

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APA format, three references, at least 300 words

Review the following case study:

Chief Complaint:

A 23-year-old woman presents with complaints of muscle weakness in the face.

History:

The patient is a 23-year-old administrative assistant who complains of intermittent muscle weakness in her face that has been getting worse over the past 3 months. She also states that as she chews, her jaws feel tired. Swallowing has also become difficult. She reports episodes of double vision (diplopia), which seems to occur after reading for a few minutes in the late evening. With certain strenuous activities or after typing for long periods of time at work, she reports problems with bilateral arm weakness.

Physical Examination:

Notable ptosis (drooping) of the eyelids after repeated blinking exercises. When asked to smile, she appears to be snarling. Reflexes and sensation are normal in both upper and lower extremities. There is considerable weakness of the arms noted bilaterally after exercise.

Case Questions:

  1. Is the patient’s condition neurological, musculoskeletal, or both? Explain why and support your thoughts with evidence-based literature. What would be a possible neurologic or musculoskeletal condition causing the symptoms?
  2. Explain the pathophysiology behind the condition.
  3. What pharmacological agent(s) are commonly used to treat the disorder and how do the agent(s) alter the pathophysiology of the condition?
  4. What would be your educational plan for the patient?

Critically appraise the nature and development of contemporary employment relationships  Apply key concepts and principles to HRM across a broad range of organisational and occupational level

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Human Resource Management

The assessment for this module consists of one piece of individual coursework. The assessment will enable you to demonstrate your understanding of key concepts and principles of HRM, as well as applying these selectively in order to identify solutions to a specific HR problem.
You will be required to investigate a range of human resource management activities in a case study organisation and then present your findings in a written report (3000 words, +/- 10%). Full assessment details are covered in the section in this document ‘HRM Assessment: Watson Taverns’. Your tutors will refer to the assessment in the weekly seminar, so by the time of the assignment update lecture,you will already be familiar with the issues in the case study.

Module Aim
The purpose of module is to introduce you to contemporary approaches to managing people, by analysing and challenging theory in relation to the practice of HRM, in order to equip you with the critical understanding necessary for managing people in a diverse range of organisations and occupational disciplines.

Module Learning Outcomes
Upon successful completion of this module you should be able to:
 Critically appraise the nature and development of contemporary employment relationships
 Apply key concepts and principles to HRM across a broad range of organisational and occupational levels
 Analyse specific problems relating to HR practices, so that alternative solutions might be considered

1.1 Assessment Summary

The assessment for this module consists of one piece of individual coursework. The assessment will enable you to demonstrate your understanding of key concepts and principles of HRM, as well as applying these selectively in order to identify solutions to a specific HR problem.
You will be required to investigate a range of human resource management activities in a case study organisation and then present your findings in a written report (3000 words, +/- 10%). Full assessment details are covered in the section in this document ‘HRM Assessment: Watson Taverns’. Your tutors will refer to the assessment in the weekly seminar, so by the time of the assignment update lecture,you will already be familiar with the issues in the case study.

Convention might leave UK courts in the position of not applying the Convention as part of UK law (as at present they are required to do under the Human Rights Act), and if no longer in the EU, will the negotiations include provision for application in regards to UK Law without having to apply it EU law?

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Please have a read through the information provided below and answer the question with relevant references.

“A number of posts have made me think of the HRA and Brexit. And how much of a sovereignty problem does the Convention and Court pose for the UK?

With the forthcoming departure from the European Union, or Brexit as we know it by, what might the consequences be for the UK? Do we think that question is

likely to remain a matter of dispute? The number of cases in which the European Court of Human Rights finds against the UK Government is very small indeed

but the question of the final word is still very contentious.

The Council of Europe and the EU require that Member States respect human rights. In practice, this has meant ratifying or acceding to the European

Convention. If we are no longer in the EU how does that affect us with the CoE and will we still be part of it? As the CoE require sign up to the

convention, will we still need to adhere to it if we are no longer an EU member state, or outside of the CoE? It would seem that a UK withdrawal from the

Convention might leave UK courts in the position of not applying the Convention as part of UK law (as at present they are required to do under the Human

Rights Act), and if no longer in the EU, will the negotiations include provision for application in regards to UK Law without having to apply it EU law?

Organize the case information. First read the case and immediately start answering questions. This is inadvisable. Organize the information according to the functional areas – Strategy, Human Resource, Marketing, Finance, Operations and Managerial Economics.

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Human Resource
This is the guidelines for this comprehensive exam, please read this carefully before starting to work on questions/cases:

The Questions
• The exam has six questions to be answered and submitted separately, dealing with Strategy, Marketing, Operations Management, Managerial Economics and Quantitative Analysis, Finance, and Human Resource Management.
• Read the case, all of the questions, and any specific instructions that accompany them. The requirements of the question will usually determine the general structure of your essay.
• Sort question requirements into major and minor points.
• Determine if there are clues to the type of analysis or presentation to be used and whether you are required to give a recommendation or conclusion.
Case Information
• One case is used for the exam, and all questions are based on this case.
• Organize the case information. First read the case and immediately start answering questions. This is inadvisable. Organize the information according to the functional areas – Strategy, Human Resource, Marketing, Finance, Operations and Managerial Economics.
• Rely on data that is in the case even if you know what happened later or elsewhere. Unless otherwise noted, assume you are writing at about the same time as the events in the case occur.
• Finding more information about the organization in the case usually is not productive unless specifically requested in an exam question. Outside references may be used to make reasonable assumptions about the general business environment.
• Find a focus or filter for analyzing the relevant material from the case. For instance, are chains of causality evident? Can points of view be contrasted and compared? Are there trends, gaps, or blind spots?