What are advantages of being in the majority party, and the consequences of being in the minority party as far as abilities to propose and pass laws?

Discussion question FIRST: Briefly describe the key leadership posts in the House of Representatives and Senate, and how the committee structure works. What are advantages of being in the majority party, and the consequences of being in the minority party as far as abilities to propose and pass laws? 
NEXT: Imagine you are a member of Congress. Explain which view of representation you would pattern yourself after–the trustee view or instructed delegate view, and describe what two functions of Congress you would most emphasize while in office.