Is the right to a free counsel fundamental to the justice system? Why or why not?

Is the right to a free counsel fundamental to the justice system? Why or why not? If so, how did we go so long without guaranteeing this right in the US?
Examples from the case of Gideon vs. Wainwright (Gideon’s Trumpet) is needed. 
At least 3 pages double spaced, size 12 Times New Roman font. 
The main motive is to thoroughly answer the question(s).
Works cited is needed and must be from reliable sources.